Chinesische Spionage: Chip in Apple-Servern soll Zugang zu Cloud-Daten ermöglicht haben – Apple dementiert
Einem Bericht von
Bloomberg nach sind Server des Unternehmens "Supermicro" mit einem kleinen Chip ausgestattet, der chinesischen Geheimdiensten Zugriff auf die Daten ermöglicht. Diese Server des chinesischen Unternehmens sollen von mehr als 30 US-Konzernen eingesetzt werden – darunter auch Apple und Amazon sowie von US-Behörden und einer größeren Bank.
Bloomberg will erfahren haben, dass Apple das Problem bereits im Mai 2015 identifizierte. Die besagten Server fielen durch merkwürdige Netzwerk-Aktivität wie auch durch Firmware-Probleme auf. Apple meldete daraufhin die Erkenntnisse dem FBI, welches die Ermittlungen aber unter Verschluss hielt, so Bloomberg. Innerhalb weniger Wochen soll Apple die verdächtigen Server durch Fabrikate anderer Hersteller ersetzt haben. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt soll Apple etwa 7.000 Server der Firma Supermicro in den eigenen Datencentern betrieben haben und die Bestellung weiterer 6.000 Server vorbereitet haben.
Apple dementierte den Bericht sehr ausführlich und widersprach dem Bloomberg-Bericht in allen Punkten – Apple hätte niemals einen solchen Chip in einem der eigenen Server entdeckt oder das FBI eingeschaltet. Bloomberg habe Apple zwar im letzten Jahr bezüglich der Spionage-Chips kontaktiert, allerdings hätten interne Untersuchungen keinen Hinweis auf derartige Manipulationen bestätigt:
Over the course of the past year, Bloomberg has contacted us multiple times with claims, sometimes vague and sometimes elaborate, of an alleged security incident at Apple. Each time, we have conducted rigorous internal investigations based on their inquiries and each time we have found absolutely no evidence to support any of them. We have repeatedly and consistently offered factual responses, on the record, refuting virtually every aspect of Bloomberg's story relating to Apple.
On this we can be very clear: Apple has never found malicious chips, "hardware manipulations" or vulnerabilities purposely planted in any server. Apple never had any contact with the FBI or any other agency about such an incident. We are not aware of any investigation by the FBI, nor are our contacts in law enforcement.
In response to Bloomberg's latest version of the narrative, we present the following facts: Siri and Topsy never shared servers; Siri has never been deployed on servers sold to us by Super Micro; and Topsy data was limited to approximately 2,000 Super Micro servers, not 7,000. None of those servers has ever been found to hold malicious chips.
As a matter of practice, before servers are put into production at Apple they are inspected for security vulnerabilities and we update all firmware and software with the latest protections. We did not uncover any unusual vulnerabilities in the servers we purchased from Super Micro when we updated the firmware and software according to our standard procedures.
We are deeply disappointed that in their dealings with us, Bloomberg's reporters have not been open to the possibility that they or their sources might be wrong or misinformed. Our best guess is that they are confusing their story with a previously-reported 2016 incident in which we discovered an infected driver on a single Super Micro server in one of our labs. That one-time event was determined to be accidental and not a targeted attack against Apple.
While there has been no claim that customer data was involved, we take these allegations seriously and we want users to know that we do everything possible to safeguard the personal information they entrust to us. We also want them to know that what Bloomberg is reporting about Apple is inaccurate.
Apple has always believed in being transparent about the ways we handle and protect data. If there were ever such an event as Bloomberg News has claimed, we would be forthcoming about it and we would work closely with law enforcement. Apple engineers conduct regular and rigorous security screenings to ensure that our systems are safe. We know that security is an endless race and that's why we constantly fortify our systems against increasingly sophisticated hackers and cybercriminals who want to steal our data.
Auch Amazon widersprach der Darstellung von Bloomberg in aller Deutlichkeit. Apple veröffentlichte sogar noch ein weiteres Statement, dass Apple nicht durch das FBI zur Geheimhaltung der Erkenntnisse gezwungen wurde, wie im US-Fernsehen zu hören war:
The published Businessweek story also claims that Apple "reported the incident to the FBI but kept details about what it had detected tightly held, even internally." In November 2017, after we had first been presented with this allegation, we provided the following information to Bloomberg as part of a lengthy and detailed, on-the-record response. It first addresses their reporters' unsubstantiated claims about a supposed internal investigation:
Despite numerous discussions across multiple teams and organizations, no one at Apple has ever heard of this investigation. Businessweek has refused to provide us with any information to track down the supposed proceedings or findings. Nor have they demonstrated any understanding of the standard procedures which were supposedly circumvented.
No one from Apple ever reached out to the FBI about anything like this, and we have never heard from the FBI about an investigation of this kind -- much less tried to restrict it.
In an appearance this morning on Bloomberg Television, reporter Jordan Robertson made further claims about the supposed discovery of malicious chips, saying, "In Apple's case, our understanding is it was a random spot check of some problematic servers that led to this detection."
As we have previously informed Bloomberg, this is completely untrue. Apple has never found malicious chips in our servers.
Finally, in response to questions we have received from other news organizations since Businessweek published its story, we are not under any kind of gag order or other confidentiality obligations.
Momentan ist unklar, wie stichhaltig der Bloomberg-Bericht ist. In den kommenden Wochen oder Monaten wird sich zeigen, ob tatsächlich in einem der 30 betroffenen Unternehmen ein Server der Firma Supermicro gefunden wird, der über den besagten chinesischen Spionage-Chip verfügt.